Light Therapy For Eczema: The Ultimate Guide to UV Light Treatment

Table of Contents

• Introduction to UV Light Therapy for Eczema
• History of light therapy for eczema
• UV light therapy for eczema: How it works?
• Which UV light therapy is best for eczema?
• UVB Light Therapy for Eczema
• How effective is UV light for eczema therapy?
• How UV light therapy session looks like?
• Will red light therapy help with eczema?
• Home phototherapy for eczema
• Best UVB lamps for eczema
• Will tanning bed help eczema?
• UV Light therapy for eczema: side effects
• Cost of UV light therapy for eczema
• FAQ – Light therapy for eczema and atopic dermatitis
• Conclusion

Today, we are going to discuss light therapy for eczema, wound healing, and optimizing skin health. UV light represents a valid second-line intervention in those cases where non-pharmacological and topical measures have failed.

Light therapy involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet (UV) light in a controlled environment to reduce inflammation, alleviate symptoms, and promote wound healing. It’s frequently used today as a treatment for dermatological diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne.

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Introduction to UV Light Therapy for Eczema

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. While there are various treatments available, including creams, ointments, and oral medications, some people find that these options do not provide enough relief. This is where light therapy comes in as a potential treatment option for eczema.

The word phototherapy, which means “therapy with light” in Greek, refers to a therapeutic approach based on the beneficial effects of light waves on a variety of pathological conditions. 

In this article, we will explore the benefits of light therapy for eczema, including:

• History of UV light therapy for eczema treatment
• What is UV light therapy for eczema?
• How does it actually work?
• What color light therapy for eczema?
• How effective is UV light for eczema therapy: before and after photos
• How photherapy session looks like?
• Light therapy for eczema at home
• Best UVB lamps for eczema
• Will tanning bed help eczema?
• Photherapy side effects
• Cost of phototherapy for eczema
  

History of light therapy for eczema

Light therapy has been around for centuries, but it wasn’t until the early 20th century that it became a recognized medical practice.

One of the pioneers of light therapy was Niels Finsen, a Danish physician who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1903 for his work on the use of light in the treatment of skin diseases, particularly lupus vulgaris.

Finsen’s research paved the way for the development of modern phototherapy, which has become a vital tool in the treatment of many skin conditions, such as psoriasis, eczema, and vitiligo. His work was a major breakthrough in the field of medicine, and it demonstrated the power of light in promoting healing and improving the quality of life for millions of people around the world.

During the early 1920s, it was noticed that the ocean air had positive effects on AD. A number of patients noted substantial improvement in their condition during the summer season. 

In 1978, Morison and colleagues released a study that established phototherapy as a key component in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. The report demonstrated that oral psoralen and UV light could effectively treat atopic dermatitis that was resistant to other treatments.

Since the 1970s, a number of types of lamps have been developed with varying UV emission spectra, each set to a specific light wavelength. Many of these eczema therapies are now used in high-quality hospitals, clinics, and homes around the world.

UV light therapy for eczema: How it works?

Recent developments in photobiology and molecular immunology suggest that the effectiveness of phototherapy in eczema treatment involves multiple factors:

1. First, UV radiation targets inflammatory cells on the skin, inducing positive immunosuppressive effects by altering cytokine production, inducing apoptosis of infiltrating T-cells, and reducing Langerhans cells.
   
2. UV light therapy also helps to promote the production of vitamin D, which has been found to improve skin health in people with eczema.
   
3. Finally, UV radiation actively prevents or reduces the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Eczema patients are more often colonized with Staphylococcus aureus on their skin than healthy individuals. S. aureus is believed to play a part in skin issues like atopic dermatitis. Past studies indicate that 90% of atopic dermatitis patients have this bacteria on their skin lesions, and the presence of S. aureus biofilms is directly linked to flare-ups of the condition. UV light’s antibacterial properties directly hinder the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, showcasing the potential of UV light therapy not just in soothing visible symptoms but also in actively tackling underlying microbial issues.

Which UV light therapy is best for eczema?

What color light is best for eczema? Think of light as electromagnetic energy. You must understand the physics of light, and light has many different wavelengths. Any time we have light in our environment, it is called white light. It contains all of these wavelengths, including those that we cannot see.

Light waves of different wavelengths can penetrate tissues at different depths due to the characteristics of their movement.

UVC Light:

• UVC light has the shortest wavelength among UV types, ranging from 100 to 280 nanometers.
• Penetration Depth: UVC light is absorbed by the ozone layer and does not reach the Earth’s surface, making it unable to penetrate the skin deeply.

UVB Light:

• Wavelength: UVB light falls in the range of 280 to 315 nanometers.
• Penetration Depth: UVB light penetrates the outer layer of the skin (epidermis) and is associated with sunburn. 

UVA Light:

• Wavelength: UVA light has a longer wavelength, ranging from 315 to 400 nanometers.
• Penetration Depth: UVA light penetrates more deeply into the skin, reaching the dermis. It is responsible for premature aging and can contribute to the development of skin cancer.

Differences between UVA and UVB light

UVA and UVB are both types of ultraviolet light, but they differ in their wavelengths and how deeply they penetrate the skin. UVA light has a longer wavelength and can penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB. It is also the type of UV light that is present in sunlight throughout the day, even on cloudy days. UVA can cause skin damage, premature aging, and an increased risk of skin cancer. UVB light has a shorter wavelength and primarily affects the outer layers of the skin. It is the type of UV light that causes sunburn and triggers the production of vitamin D. UVB can also cause skin damage and an increased risk of skin cancer, but it is also used in controlled doses for therapeutic purposes, such as in narrowband UVB light therapy for eczema.

The two main types of UV light used in light therapy for eczema are UVB and UVA. Specific UV therapies for eczema include:

• narrowband UVB (NB)
• broadband UVB (BB)
• UVA and UVB (UVAB)
• UVA1
• and PUVA — psoralen + UVA

They are all proven to work, but some are more effective and have replaced older solutions. 

Briefly, narrowband UVB light therapy is considered to be one of the most effective forms of phototherapy for treating eczema.

UVB Light Therapy for Eczema

Broadband UVB (BB)

The utilization of BB-UVB (280–315 nm) treatment for atopic dermatitis was initiated by Nexman’s research in 1948, and its effectiveness was largely verified in the 1980s and 1990s through the research conducted by Hannuksela et al and Jekler and Larkö. However, conventional broadband UVB lamps are less effective than narrow-band UVB lamps.

Narrowband UVB: why is it best for treating eczema?

There are two types of UVB treatment: broad band and narrow band. Narrowband UVB light therapy is a specific type of UVB therapy that uses a narrowband wavelength of light, typically around 311-313 nanometers. It is considered to be one of the most effective forms of phototherapy for treating eczema. According to studies, narrow-band UVB is more effective than either broad-band UVA or UVA1 for managing chronic atopic dermatitis.

Benefits of narrowband UVB over other types of UVB therapy:

Narrowband UVB has taken over from broadband UVB as the preferred treatment for psoriasis due to its effectiveness. This has resulted in its use for other conditions, such as atopic dermatitis.

One of the main benefits of narrowband UVB therapy is that it is more targeted and effective than other forms of UVB therapy, such as broadband UVB therapy, which uses a broader range of wavelengths. Narrowband UVB light therapy has been found to be especially effective for treating eczema as it can penetrate the skin’s surface more deeply, leading to better results.

Narrowband UVB is believed to pose a lower risk of long-term skin cancer compared to PUVA.

PUVA therapy for atopic eczema

UVA light therapy is less commonly used for eczema, but it can be effective for people with severe cases of the condition. UVA therapy involves the use of a drug called psoralen, which is taken orally or applied topically to the skin before exposure to UVA light. The combination of psoralen and UVA light is known as PUVA therapy and has been found to be effective in reducing inflammation and improving the appearance of eczema.

How effective is UV light for eczema therapy?

Benefits of light therapy for eczema: case study

Numerous studies have shown that narrowband UVB is an effective treatment for atopic dermatitis and that phototherapy can have long-term benefits. A study involving 21 adults with severe atopic dermatitis showed that narrowband UVB phototherapy, given three times a week for 12 weeks, led to a 68% reduction in severity scores of atopic dermatitis. Even after 6 months, 15 patients continued to experience long-term benefits.

How long does it take to see results from phototherapy?

According to one study, atopic dermatitis activity was significantly reduced in all patients after 3 weeks of exposure to a cumulative dose of 9 J/cm2 narrowband UVB (311 nm), which was applied over a mean of 19 irradiations.

I personally had 20 treatments prescribed by the doctor. The first results began to appear no earlier than after the 10th exposure. I noticed a significant improvement after 15 sessions.

The length of time it takes to see results from phototherapy can vary depending on your eczema severity and skin phototype. You may see improvement after just a few phototherapy sessions, while others may require several weeks of treatment. It can be compared to sunbathing. Some react very quickly, and small doses cause redness. While some people have darker skin and need higher doses.

UV Light therapy for eczema: before and after

Credit: Purelytwins

How UV light therapy session looks like?

During a narrowband UVB light therapy session, the affected areas of skin are exposed to the UV light for a specific amount of time. Any clothing that covers the treated eczema skin will need to be taken off. Areas that don’t require treatment should be covered. Some safety steps include special glasses to protect your eyes from Ultraviolet light.

Eczema Light Therapy: Session Length

Your phototherapy sessions will vary in length. This will depend on your skin type and the dose chosen by your doctor. The first UV treatment usually lasts very short, even a few seconds. Typically, with each subsequent session, the dose is increased by extending the exposure time. Treatments rarely last more than a few minutes.

The frequency and duration of the sessions depend on the severity of the eczema and the individual’s skin type. Generally, phototherapy sessions are scheduled two to three times per week, with the duration of UV treatment ranging from a few weeks to several months.

Will red light therapy help with eczema?

Red light therapy (RLT) is a promising treatment for wrinkles, redness, acne, scars, and aging signs. LED light sources for non-heating photorejuvenation have become popular in recent years. Red light therapy can penetrate up to 6 millimeters beneath the skin surface, promoting cell activity without causing damage.

Red light therapy for skin health may:

• Stimulate collagen production for skin structure and elasticity.
• Increase fibroblast production, vital for collagen formation.
• Improve blood circulation to the tissue.
• Reduce inflammation in cells.

While red light therapy has been shown to have some benefits for skin health, there is limited evidence to support its use specifically for eczema.

Currently, there is ongoing research, publication of small studies, and extensive online discussion about the effectiveness of red light therapy for various health purposes. Studies on mice are promising.

In their 1993 study published in the Keio Journal of Medicine, researchers Hideki Morita et al. from the Hyogo College of Medicine, Japan, examined the efficacy of Low Reactive Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) using a diode laser system (830nm wavelength, 60mW continuous wave) in treating atopic dermatitis (AD). Conducted on 112 patients, the study found significant improvements, with a 71% reduction in itchiness and a 62% improvement in skin eruptions, without any side effects.

Red Light Therapy for Eczema: side effects

In relation to eczema, red light therapy seems safe with no associated side effects when used short-term and as directed. It is non-toxic, non-invasive, and milder than certain topical skin treatments. Importantly, unlike cancer-causing UV light from the sun or tanning booths, red light therapy does not use this type of light. There is no report about the development of skin cancer after LLLT (Low Reactive Level Laser Therapy)

Home phototherapy for eczema

Can you do light therapy for eczema at home?

Yes, there are a variety of at-home light therapy options available for individuals with eczema.

Light therapy for eczema can also be done at home using specialized devices. Here’s an overview of some of the most common at-home light therapy options:

1. Light therapy lamps: UVB lamps are designed to mimic natural sunlight and can be used to treat a variety of skin conditions, including eczema. They emit a broad spectrum of light that can be customized to fit the individual’s needs.
2. Handheld devices: Handheld UV light therapy devices are portable and easy to use. They come in a variety of colors and can be used to treat specific areas of the body.
3. Light therapy panels: Light therapy panels are larger devices that can be used to treat the entire body. They emit a broad spectrum of light and can be customized to fit the individual’s needs.

Pros and cons of doing light therapy at home

One of the main benefits of doing light therapy at home is convenience. It allows individuals to receive treatment on their own schedule and in the comfort of their own home. However, there are also some potential drawbacks to consider. At-home UVB lamp may not be as powerful as those used in a clinical setting, and the individual may not receive the same level of supervision and support.

When doing light therapy at home, it is important to take necessary safety precautions. This includes wearing protective eyewear and following the recommended treatment plan. It is also important to consult with a dermatologist or healthcare professional to ensure that the individual is a good candidate for at-home light therapy and to determine the best course of treatment.

Overall, at-home phototherapy can be a safe and effective treatment option for eczema. However, it is important to carefully consider the pros and cons and take necessary precautions to ensure a positive outcome.

Best UVB lamps for eczema

Below you will find links to 3 selected offers on Amazon that offer UVB lamps for home use:

Will tanning bed help eczema?

Is tanning bed good for eczema? Some people visit tanning salons as an alternative to natural sunlight. However, only 4% to 10% of the light produced by tanning beds is in the UVB spectrum, and the majority of this light is UVA. The beneficial effect for eczema is attributed primarily to UVB light.

UV Light therapy for eczema: side effects

The most common side effect of phototherapy is skin irritation, which can cause redness, itching, and dryness. In some cases, exposure to UV light can lead to sunburn or increase the risk of developing skin cancer. Other potential side effects include changes in skin pigmentation, premature aging of the skin, and eye damage. Therefore, it is essential to weigh the benefits and risks of phototherapy with a healthcare provider and follow the recommended guidelines to minimize the risk of side effects.

Disadvantages of phototherapy in the treatment of eczema

Specialized technical equipment and trained personnel are necessary for UV therapy. Additionally, patients must adhere to a treatment plan that requires 3-5 sessions per week for a period of 6-12 weeks. The effectiveness of the therapy is limited by the difficulty in treating areas such as hairy skin and skin folds.

Is light therapy safe for eczema?

Light therapy is generally considered safe for eczema when administered by a qualified healthcare professional or used according to the manufacturer’s instructions for at-home UVB devices. However, there are some potential side effects and risks to be aware of, such as skin irritation and increased risk of skin cancer with prolonged UV exposure.

Carcinogenic risk

It is certain that long-term PUVA treatment (more than 200 treatments) causes skin tumors, but it is uncertain if UVB phototherapy has a role in causing skin cancer in humans. According to a study done on mice, the growth of tumors was increased by broadband UVB, but not by narrowband UVB or UVA-1.

Cost of UV light therapy for eczema

Ultraviolet for eczema can be an effective treatment option, but it’s important to consider the costs involved. Here’s an overview of the cost of phototherapy for eczema and some potential cost-saving options

Clinical phototherapy

The cost of clinical phototherapy can vary depending on a number of factors, including the duration and frequency of treatment, the type of light therapy used, and the geographic location of the clinic. On average, a single session of phototherapy can cost around $50.

You can typically get a discounted rate by buying a bundle of 10 or 20 therapy sessions. I paid approximately $150 for a package of 20 sessions at a private medical center, which I believe is a reasonable cost for several weeks of therapy. It’s important to note that prices may differ based on the country you reside in.

Health insurance coverage

Many health insurance plans will cover the cost of phototherapy for eczema, but the specific coverage and reimbursement rates can vary widely. It’s important to check with your insurance provider to determine what is covered under your plan and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.

Cost of at-home light therapy for eczema

At-home light therapy devices can range in cost from around $50 for a handheld device to several hundred dollars for a light therapy panel. While there is an upfront cost involved, at-home light treatment can potentially save money in the long run by reducing the need for expensive clinical treatments.

When considering the cost of phototherapy for eczema, it’s important to weigh the potential benefits against the cost of the treatment. It’s also worth exploring potential cost-saving options, such as health insurance coverage and at-home light therapy, to help make treatment more affordable.

FAQ – Light therapy for eczema and atopic dermatitis

Is phototherapy safe for children?

Phototherapy is a safe and effective treatment method for paediatric patients. It is used especially with children affected with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo and localized alopecia. According to data from the literature, NB-UVB is especially recommended for children.

Is phototherapy better than sunlight for eczema?

There is evidence that artificial light sources perform better than natural sunlight. While natural sunlight can be beneficial for eczema, phototherapy provides a more controlled and targeted approach. Phototherapy can be customized to the individual’s needs and administered in a safe and controlled environment.

Which color light is best for eczema?

There is no one “best” color of light therapy for eczema, as different colors can have different effects on the skin. Narrowband UVB and blue light therapy are two commonly used types of light therapy for eczema.

Conclusion

In summary, phototherapy is a promising treatment option for individuals with eczema. Phototherapy targets inflammatory cells, alters cytokine productions and has a significant antibacterial effect. Narrowband UVB light therapy is a commonly used type of phototherapy that provides targeted benefits with fewer side effects compared to other forms of UVB therapy. Additionally, different colors of light therapy, such as blue and red light, may also have benefits for eczema symptoms.

While ultraviolet can be administered by a healthcare professional, there are also a variety of at-home options available. However, it is important to take safety precautions and follow instructions carefully to avoid potential side effects.

Overall, light treatment is a safe and effective treatment option for eczema, especially for those who do not respond well to other treatments. Phototherapy is also beneficial as it does not involve the use of steroids, which can have negative side effects when used long-term.

Footnotes:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17598862/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19849714/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/626712/

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